Japanese+School+Terms

  • 学校 (=gakkou) school  • 語学学校 (=gogaku gakkou) language school  cf. 英会話スクール (=eikaiwa sukuuru) English school

 • 専門学校 (=senmon gakkou) professional training/ career college  Ex. 私は、語学学校に通っています. (=Watashi wa gogaku gakkou ni kayotte imasu.) I go to a language school.  通う (=kayou/kayouimasu)  = attend, commute back and forth  = 通学（する） (=tsuugaku suru/shimasu) = go to school, to commute

 • 保育園 (=hoikuen) nursery school

 • 幼稚園 (=youchien) kindergarten

 • 小学校 (=shougakkou) elementary school

 • 中学校 (=chuugakkou) junior high school

 • 高校 (=koukou) high school

 • 大学 (=daigaku) university  • 短期大学 (=tanki daigaku) junior college, 2 year college <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> → short form 短大 (=tandai)

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 4年制大学 (=yonensei daigaku) 4 year college, university <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 大学院 (=daigakuin) graduate school

<span style="background-color: #ff99cc; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><Degrees> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 学位 (=gakui) diploma <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 学士 (=gakushi) bachelor <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 学士号 (=gakushi gou) bachelor degree <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 修士 (=shuushi) master <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 修士号 (=shuushi gou) master degree <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 修士号を取る (=shuushi gou wo toru.) to get a master degree <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 博士号 (=hakase gou) Doctor of Philosophy degree <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Note: Japanese education system: <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> 義務教育 (=gimu kyouiku) compulsory education : <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> 9 years (elementary and junior high school) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">→• 6 years in elementary school (from age 6 to 12 years) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">→• 3 years in junior high school (from age 13 to 15 years) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">• 3 years in high school (from age 16 to 18) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">• 2 years in junior college　or <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">• 4 years in university <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 予備校 (=Yobikou) cram school for university <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 塾 (=juku)（ 学習塾 =gakushuu juku） cram school <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 公立 (=kouritsu) public <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 公立高校 (=kouritsu koukou) public high school <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 私立 (=shiritsu/watakushiritsu) private

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 男女共学 (=danjo kyougaku) co-education <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 中高一貫教育 (=chuukou ikkan kyouiku) unified school programs（continuous study from junior high school to high school) <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 教育 (=kyoiku) education

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 語学教育 (=gogaku kyouiku) language education

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 幼児教育 (=youji kyouiku) child education <span style="background-color: #ff99cc; color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><Teacher> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 先生 (=sensei) teacher <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Note 1): We always address teachers with their name + 先生. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex . マギー先生 (=maggie sensei) They never call teacher with さん （~san）like マギーさん (=Maggie san) “Miss Maggie” ) <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Also some other occupations could be called 先生 (=sensei) such as doctors, lawyers, politicians,novelists and artists, etc. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Note 2): If you are a techer, you are not supposed to address yourself to others ” 先生” because the word sensei has feeling of respect and we don’t use honorific expression for yourself.　So you say or you write in a document 教師 (=kyoushi) instead of 先生 for your occupation. But we do hear in daily conversation people addressing yourself 先生. (Ex. If you deal with children, you call yourself, your name+ 先生 ）

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 担任 (=tannin) teacher in charge/homeroom teacher <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> ←担任の先生 (=tannin no sensei) homeroom teacher <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 教授 (=kyouju) professor <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 助教授 (=jo kyouju) associate (assistant) professor

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 講師 (=koushi) an instructor

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 校長（先生） (=Kouchou (sensei)) principal

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 教頭（先生） (=Kyoutou (sensei)) vice principal

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 学長 (=gakuchou) president of the university

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 学部長 (=gakubuchou) dean <span style="background-color: #ff99cc; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><Students> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 学生 (=gakusei) student

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 生徒 (=seito) student <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 小学生 (=shougaku sei) elementary school student <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 中学生 (=chuugaku sei) junior high school student <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 高校生 (=koukou sei) high school student <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 大学生 (=daigaku sei) university student <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 大学院生 (=daigakuin sei) graduate school student

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 予備校生 (=yobikou sei) preparatory school student <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 塾生 (=juku sei) cram school student

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • １年生 (=ichi nen sei) first year grade, first-year student, freshman

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • ２年生 (=ni nen sei) second grader, second-year student, sophomore

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 「彼は高校２年生です. 」 (=kare wa koukou ni nen sei desu.) “He is a second-grader in high school.” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • ３年生 (=san nen sei) third grader, third-year student, junior

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • ４年生 (=yo nen sei) fourth grader, fourth-year student, senior

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 留年 (=ryuunen) to repeat a year (the same grade)

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 留年する (=ryuunen suru/shimasu)

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 浪人生 (=rounin sei) a student who failed an entrance examination for university <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 浪人 (=rounin) originally a samurai who doesn’t have their masters and wander around, now refers to students between high school and university — who are studying in order to pass university exams. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 彼の息子は浪人している. (=kare no musuko wa rounin shiteiru.)

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 一浪 (=ichi rou) first year after you failed 、 ２浪 (=ni rou) 2nd years after you failed..

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 一浪する. (= ich rou suru/shimasu.) <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • クラスメート (=kurasu meeto) classmate

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 同級生 (=doukyuu sei) classmate

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 先輩 (=senpai) senior, It refers to an older grade student

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 後輩 (=kouhai) junior It refers to an younger grade student <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Cultural note: Traditionally they have to show respect to older people in Japan. They have built this senpai-kouhai (superior-inferior, older-younger) relations in schools, companies and society in Japan. Sometimes it is very strict especially in sports clubs in schools. Kouhai (juniors) have to obey their senpai, seniors. <span style="background-color: #ff99cc; color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><To enter or graduate from a school> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 入学 (=nyuugaku) entrance、enter a school

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 卒業 (=sotsugyou) graduate

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. マギーは「ワンワン小学校」をやっと卒業した. (=Maggie wa “Wanwan shougakkou” wo yatto sotsugyou shita.) <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> “Maggie finally graduated “bowwow elementary school.”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 入学式 (=nyuugaku shiki) entrance ceremony

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 卒業式 (=sotsugyou shiki) graduation ceremony <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">Culture note :

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> In Japan, they sing as graduation songs, 「蛍の光」 (=hotaru no hikari) (“Auld Lang Syne”,a Scottish folk song) or 「仰げば尊し 」 (=Aogeba toutoshi, which shows gratitude and respect to your teachers.) in graduation ceremonies.

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> They also play 「蛍の光」 (=hotaru no hikari) (“Auld Lang Syne” ) when they close department stores. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 大学卒 (=daigaku sotsu) college graduate

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 高卒 (=kousotsu) high school graduate

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 彼女は高卒だ. ( =Kanojo wa kousotsu da.) She is high school graduate.

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 中卒 (=chuusotsu) junior-high graduate

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 首席 (=shuseki) summa cum laude、top of the class

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 首席で卒業する (=shuseki de sotsugyou suru/shimasu.) to graduate summa cum laude

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 彼は〜大学を優秀な成績で卒業しました. (=Kare wa ~ daigaku wo yuushuu na seiseki de sotsugyou shimashita.)

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">He graduated ~ University with excellent grades. <span style="background-color: #ffff99; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><Classroom>

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 教室 (=kyoushitsu) classroom

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 黒板 (=kokuban) black board

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • ホワイトボード (=howaito boodo) white board

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 「ホワイトボードが光って見えません. 」 (=howaito boodo ga hikatte miemasen.)

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 机 (=tsukue) desk

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 椅子 (=isu) chair

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • ロッカー (=rokkaa) locker <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • クラス (=kurasu) class

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • レッスン (=ressun) lesson

<span style="background-color: #ffff99; color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;"><Subjects> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 科目 （=kamoku) <Subjects> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 国語 (=kokugo) Japanese study

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 算数 (=sansuu) arithmetic

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 数学 (=suugaku) math

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 理科 (=rika) science

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 化学 (=kagaku) chemistry

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 科学 (=kagaku) science

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 社会科 (=shakaika) social studies

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 体育 (=taiiku) gymnastics <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><University> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • ゼミ (=zemi)　 seminar (Usually you have to make a group under a professor to study or research something in University. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 専攻 (=senkou) major  <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 「専攻は何ですか？」 (=Senkou wa nan desu ka?) “What is your major?”  <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 学部 (=gakubu) faculty, department  <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 文学部 (=bungakubu) faculty of letters  <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 医学部 (=igakubu) faculty of medicine  <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 法学部 (=hougakubu) faculty of law <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 経営部 (=keieigakubu) faculty of business administration <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 文系 (=bunkei) humanities <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 理系 (=rikei) science course <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 彼は理系だ. (=Kare wa rikei da) He is in the science ( and engineering) majors <span style="background-color: #ffff99; color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><School events> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 遠足 (=ensoku) excursion

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 修学旅行 (=shuugaku ryokou) school trip

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 運動会 (=undoukai) athletics meets, sports festival

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 体育祭 (=taiku sai) athletics meets, sports festival

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 学芸会 (=gakugeikai) school play

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 文化祭 (=bunka sai) cultural festival

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 大学祭 (=daigaku sai)（ 学祭 =gakusai） school festivals in university

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 研修旅行 (=kenshuu ryokou) study/research tour

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 父兄参観日 (=fukei sankan bi) the day when parents can observe the class. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 給食 (=kyuushoku) school lunch (Mainly for elementary school.)

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 学食 (=gakushoku) school cafeteria <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Cultural note: <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">In Japanese schools (besides universities and cram schools), usually students stand up, bow and sit down beginning of the class all together for.

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> A student on a daily duty is called 日直 (=Nicchoku) and he/she say the followings: <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「起立」 (=kiritsu) “All rise!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「礼」 (=rei) “Bow!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「着席」 (=chakuseki) “Sit down!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 「 着席して下さい. 」 (=Chakuseki shite kudasai.) “Please sit down!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 放課 (=houka) break time

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 放課後 (=houka go) after school

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 職員室 (=shokuin shitsu) teachers’ room <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • チャイム (=chaimu) bell

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. チャイムが鳴る (=chaimu) ring the bell

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">(In many Japanese schools, when class starts or ends, you hear the bell.) <span style="background-color: #ffff99; color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;"><Grades> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 成績 (=seiseki) grades

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. よい成績を取る (=yoi seiseki wo toru) to get a good grade

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 成績が悪い (=seiseki ga warui) bad grade

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • オール５ (=ooru go) A+ (Note: 5 is the best grade in Japanese elementary school. )

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • A+ = エープラ (=ei purasu or ei pura)

<span style="background-color: #ffff99; color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;"><Exams> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> •試験 (=shiken) exams

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • テスト (=tesuto) test

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 期末テスト (=kimatsu tesuto) end-of-term exam

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 中間テスト (=chuukan tesuto)　 mid-term exam

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 小テスト (=shou tesuto) quiz

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 抜き打ちテスト (=nukiuchi tesuto) pop quiz <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 追試 (=tsuishi) make-up exam

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 入学試験 (=nyuugaku shiken)（ 入試 =nyuushi short form ）

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 卒業試験 (=sotugyou shiken) graduation exam <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 受験する (=juken suru/shimasu) to take an (entrance) exam. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 受験勉強 (=juken benkyou) studying for entrance exam.

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 受験戦争 (=juken sensou) entrance exam war、 race <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 受験 地獄 (＝juken zikoku) examination hell <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Cultural note: <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> The competicion for entrance exams has been very severe in Japan. If you get in a good high school, there is more chance to get in a good university and get a good job in future. It has spreaded to even preschool ages. 「お受験」 (=ojuken) is a word for those children who are forced to take an entrance exams for a good elementary school. There is a special school for those lower aged children to pass the exam and they teach social manners and specific knowledges to get in a good elementary schools.

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 合格 (=goukaku) to pass (the exam)

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 合格する (=goukaku suru/shimasu) to pass (the exam)

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 受かる (=ukaru)　 to pass

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 有名高校に受かった. (=Yuumei koukou ni ukatta.) “I have passed a famous high school.” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Also パスする (=pasu suru/shimasu) to pass <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 試験にパスする (=Shiken ni pass suru/shimasu.) to pass the exam. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 不合格 (=fugoukaku) to fail

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 落ちる (=ochiru) to fail <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 試験に落ちる (=shiken ni ochiru) to fail the exam.

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 単位 (=tan-i) credit

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 単位を取る (=tan-i wo toru) to get courses credit

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 単位が足らない (=tan-i ga tarinai) not earn sufficient credits

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 単位を落とす (= tan-i wo otosu) to fail a class <span style="background-color: #ffff99; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;"><Assignment> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • レポート (=repooto) report <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 作文 (=sakubun) composition <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 論文 (=ronbun) thesis <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 卒業論文 (=sotsugyou ronbun) graduation thesis <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 宿題 (=shukudai) homework

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 予習 (=yoshuu) prep

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 復習 (=fukushuu) review

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 研究 (=kenkyuu)　 study, research

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 研究する (=kenkyuu suru/shimasu) to study, to research <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • リサーチ (=resaachi) research <span style="background-color: #ff99cc; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><Attendance> <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 出席する (=shusseki suru/shimasu) to attend

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 欠席する (=kesseki suru/shimasu) to be absent

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • ずる休み (=zuru yasumi) play hooky <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Useful sentences for teachers!

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「さあ、今日のレッスンを始めましょう. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=”Saa, kyou no ressun wo hajimemashou.” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “OK, let’s start today’s lesson”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「それでは出席を取ります. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=”Soredewa shusseki wo torimasu. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “OK, I’ll have a roll call.” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「〜さんは今日は欠席ですか？」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=~san wa kyou wa kesseki desu ka? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">（お休みですか？） <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">(=oyasumi desu ka?) <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Is ~ absent today?” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「プリントを配ります. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Purinto wo kubari masu. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “I’ll pass out the handouts!” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「繰り返して言って下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Kurikaeshite itte kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please repeat!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「後について言って下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Ato ni tsuite itte kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Repeat after me!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「〜は日本語（〜語）で何と言いますか？」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=~ wa nihongo (~ go) de nanto iimasu ka? <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “How do you say ~ in Japanese (other language)?”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> 言語 ( =gengo) language(s) <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> ~ 語 (~go) language

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> フランス語 (=furansu go) French 、 スペイン語 (=supein go) Spanish 、 英語 (=eigo) English 、 中国語 (=chuugoku go) Chinese 、 韓国語 (=kankokugo) Korean 、 オランダ語 =oranda go) Dutch 、 ドイツ語 (=doitsu go ) German

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「合っています. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Atte imasu. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “It’s correct.” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「間違っています. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Machigatte imasu. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “It’s not correct.” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「見て下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Mite kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = ”Please look!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「聞いて下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Kiite kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please listen!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「言って下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Itte kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please say/speak” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「読んで下さい. 」 <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">=Yonde kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please read!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「しっかり勉強してきて下さい. 」 <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">=Shikkari (hard/well) benkyou shitekite kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please study hard!” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「もう少し大きな声で言って下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Mou sukoshi ookina koe de itte kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please speak a bit louder.”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「はっきり発音して下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Hakkiri (Plainly) hatsuon shite kudasai.” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please pronounce clearly.” “Please enunciate!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「必ず復習をして来て下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Kanarazu (without exception) fukushuu (review) wo shitekite kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please be sure to review!”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「宿題は３４ページです. /３４ページをやって来て下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Shukudai wa sanjuu yon peiji wo yatte kite kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = Please study p.34 for homework.”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「何か質問はありますか？」（ありませんか？」） <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Nani ka shitsumon wa arimasuka?) (arimasenka?) <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Do you have any questions?”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「先週のところで何か質問はありませんか？」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Senshuu no tokoro de nanika shitsumon wa arimasenka?) <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Do you have any questions about last week class?”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「これで終わります. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Kore de owari masu.) <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Let’s finish here.”  <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">  Useful phrases for students:  <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 遅刻 (=chikoku) to be late

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 「遅刻してすみません. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Chikoku shite sumimasen. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> =　 “I am sorry I am late.”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 早退 (=soutai) to leave early

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 「今日は、早退させて下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">= “Kyou wa soutai sasete kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please let me leave early today.” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「綴り（スペル）が違っています. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=tsuzuri (or superu) ga chigatte imasu. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “The spelling is wrong.”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「綴り（スペル）を教えて下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Tsuzuri (or superu) wo oshiete kudasai.) <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please tell me how to spell ~.”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「綴り（スペル）はどう書けばいいですか？」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=tsuzuri (or superu) wa dou kakeba (would one write [hypothetical]) ii desu ka? <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “How do you spell ~?” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「〜はどういう意味ですか？」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=~ wa douiu imi (meaning) desu ka? <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = 〜はどういう意味か、教えて頂けますでしょうか？ more polite

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=~ wa douiu imi ka oshiete itadakemasu de shouka? <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “What does ~ mean?” (“Could you tell me the meaning of ~, please?”)

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「〜の意味を教えて下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=~ no imi wo oshiete kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = 〜の意味を教えて頂けますでしょうか? more polite

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=~no imi wo oshiete itadakemasu de shouka?

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Please give me the meaning of ~. ” (“Could you~ tell me the meaning of ~, please?”) <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「〜について教えて下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=~ni tsuite oshiete kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> •〜について教えて頂けますでしょうか？） more polite

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=~ni tsuite oshiete itadakemasu deshouka?

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">“Please teach me about ~” (“Could you~”)

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「今週の宿題は何ですか？」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Konshuu no shukudai wa nan desu ka? <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “What is this week homework?”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「どこからどこまでが宿題でしょうか？ 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Dokokara dokomade ga shukudai de shou ka? <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “From where to where is our homework? ”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「すみません. 宿題を忘れました. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Sumimasen. Shukudai wo wasure mashita. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Excuse me. I forgot my homework.”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「ノートを忘れました. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Nouto wo wasure mashita. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “I left /forgot my note book” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「先生、質問があります. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Sensei, shitsumon ga arimasu <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Mr. /Ms. ~, I have a question! “

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「質問してもいいですか？」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Shitumon shitemo iidesu ka? <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Can I ask you a question? “

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「質問してもよろしいでしょうか？」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Shitsumon shitemo yoroshii deshou ka? <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “May I ask you a question?”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「発音をもう一度教えて下さい. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Hatsuon wo mou ichido oshiete kudasai. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “Please teach me/us the pronunciation again.”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「〜の意味がよくわかりません. 」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=~ no imi ga wakarimasen. <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = “I don’t understand the meaning of ~ “

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> • 「すみません. 全くわかりません. もう一度教えて頂けますか？」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">=Sumimasen,. Mattaku wakarimasen. Mou ichido oshiete itadakemasu ka?

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> = ”Excuse me. I don’t understand at all. Could you teach me again?” <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> says in the picture above: <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> 「何か 文句 ありますか？」 <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">(=Nanka (or Nanika) monku arimasu ka?) <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">“Any objection?” “Any complaints?” ” Do you have something to say?”

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> 文句 (=monku) complaints <span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 文句がある. （=Monku ga aru.) I have a bone to pick.

<span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ex. 彼女はいつも 文句ばかり言っている. （=Kanojo wa itsumo monku bakari it te iru.) <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; vertical-align: baseline;">She is always complaining (bitching).